The shallow aquifer beneath Munich is highly influenced by anthropogenic heat sources, resulting in the formation of a subsurface urban heat island. In addition to anthropogenic factors, natural factors also influence the subsurface temperature. However, the effect of individual factors is difficult to capture due to high temporal dynamics in urban environments. In Munich, seasonal temperature fluctuations often override the influence of existing heat sources or sinks.
Highlights
- Analysis of the subsurface urban heat island including anthropogenic and natural factors using large temperature datasets
- Identification of the dominant increasing and decreasing influences on the groundwater temperature
- Comparative analysis of the depth-dependent change in the magnitude of influences
- Introduction of a thermal exposure score to spatially assess thermal influences
- Seasonal adjustment of multi-temporal measurements by passive heat tracing
The study is published as an open access article under the CC BY: